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Noise Absorption Modeling of Rib Knitted Fabrics

In recent years, textile goods have come to be widely used as soundproofing, because of their two important advantages, low production costs and light density, in relation to other soundproofing materials. These intrinsic parameters are very important in some industries such as the automobile and aircraft industry. Although, previously, nonwovens had a wide application as soundproofing among textiles, it seems that weft knitted fabrics can also be a suitable substitute due to their pleasant appearance in comparison to nonwoven fabrics. In this paper, by incorporating two theoretical models presented for nonwoven and plain knitted fabrics, a suitable theoretical model is obtained for calculating the sound absorption coefficient of weft knitted fabrics with complex structures and, finally, the results of a theoretical model are compared with experimental results.

Comparison of Dyeing Behavior between Hollow and Standard Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Fibers

The dyeing behavior of hollow poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers was investigated by comparison with standard PET fibers. Three different disperse dyes were used to dye both hollow and standard polyester fabrics. The effects of the molecular size of the disperse dye, dye concentration, dyeing temperature, absorbance and reflectance values, brightness index, color strength (K/S value), and wash fastness properties were evaluated. Although the absorbance values of the fibers were almost equal for both fibers, the color strength values of hollow fibers were lower than those of standard fibers. The reflectance values and brightness indexes of hollow fibers were found to be higher than those of standard fibers. The wash fastness values of the fibers dyed with the same dyeing recipe were observed to be similar.

KES-F Characterization and Hand Evaluation of Oxygen Plasma-Treated Wool Fabrics Dyed at Temperature Below the Boil

In our previous works, we investigated the possibility of reducing the dyeing temperature of wool fabrics with oxygen low-temperature plasma pre-treatment. Fabrics were dyed replicating an industrial process on a laboratory-scale machine, and it was found that pre-treated fabrics could be dyed at 85°C with no worsening of their dyeing performances compared with fabrics conventionally dyed at the boil. In this work, the physical, low-stress mechanical and surface properties of untreated fabrics, untreated fabrics conventionally dyed at 98°C, and plasma-treated fabrics dyed at 85°C, were measured using Kawabata’s Evaluation System for Fabrics. In particular, there were significant increases in bending and shearing characteristic values for plasma-treated fabrics dyed below the boil (85°C). Moreover, subjective hand tests highlighted that these fabrics were stiffer and crisper than the other two types of fabric, thus confirming the results of objective measurements.

Sen'i Gakkaishi, Vol. 66, No.8

Erratum: Erratum to Karahan et al., "Investigation into the Tensile Properties of Stitched and Unstitched Woven Aramid/Vinyl Ester Composites" Textile Research Journal 2010 80(10): 880--891

Simulation of the Effect of Air Gaps between the Skin and a Wet Fabric on Resulting Cooling Flow

As the moisture content of a fabric increases, the relative water vapor permeability (the relative heat flow responsible for the cooling of the body) also increases and the fabric temperature drops due to the evaporation of the water from the surface of the fabric. In this work on the experimental study of water vapor permeability of wet fabrics, the effect of air layers between the skin of the wearer and the fabric on the total relative cooling heat flow (cooling effect) experienced by the skin of the garment wearer is investigated. It was found out that when layers of 2- and 4-mm thickness were introduced between the skin and the fabric, the relative water vapor permeability or relative cooling heat flow was smaller than when the fabric was in direct contact with the skin, and in this case it did not depend significantly on the fabric moisture content.

Investigation of the Contribution of Garment Design to Thermal Protection. Part 2: Instrumented Female Mannequin Flash-fire Evaluation System

The purpose of this research was to gain insight into how well women were protected from thermal hazards when wearing garments designed for women compared to garments designed for men. A three-dimensional body scanner was used to measure the size and distribution of air gaps between a female mannequin and thermal protective coveralls (Part 1). In Part 2, a flash-fire instrumented female mannequin evaluation system was used to investigate the effect of garment style and fit on thermal protection. The findings demonstrated that air gap size had a positive correlation with time to burn injury and a negative correlation with energy absorbed. Garment style and fit influenced protection, as the inappropriate fit of the women’s style compared to the men’s made some areas of the female mannequin more susceptible to burns than others.

Influence of Glyoxal in the Physical Characterization of PVA Nanofibers

The influence of solution composition is directly related to the properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers. Electrospinning is a viable technique to develop PVA nanofibers. The presence of a crosslinking agent such as glyoxal can produce variations not only in anti-water solubility effect, but also in the morphology of the electrodeposited fibers. The objective of this study was to characterize the influence of glyoxal on PVA nanofibers. Thus, we studied fiber dimensions, the weight of deposited fibers, and fiber crystallinity. The relation between those properties and the properties of the nanofiber web (color, opacity, and roughness) were studied. In this study we changed glyoxal concentration. Scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and atomic force microscopy showed changes in the fiber properties. We could observe how the diameter fiber increased, the collector surface was widely covered, and the fiber crystallinity decreased. Regarding the properties of the web, the roughness decreased and the color turned whiter.

Effect of Garment Design on Liquid Cooling Garments

In this study, two different types of liquid cooling garments are designed and their cooling effects are comparatively investigated. The tubing lengths and the inner layers of these garments are taken as the same, and the other parameters of the garments differed. In the outer layer of the garments, 10 x 3 rib and single jersey knitted wool fabrics are used. In the inner layer of the fabrics, cotton wound dressings are used. In one garment design, S-shaped sponges are used as the mid layer. For 10 x 3 rib the mid layer is obtained by three loops of 10 x 3 rib, and the outer layer is obtained by 10 loops of 10 x 3 rib, due to its three-dimensional structure. To test these garments, a thermal manikin and a chiller are developed. The effects of water inlet temperature and flow rate on the cooling effect are examined. Outer garments of 10 x 3 rib structure are found to provide effective cooling. When the water inlet temperature decreases, the effective cooling slightly increases. At lower flow rates, effective cooling increases slightly, while this effect disappears for higher flow rates.

Theoretical Study of a Spinning Triangle with Its Application in a Modified Ring Spinning System

The spinning triangle is a critical area in the spinning process of staple yarns. Its geometry influences the distribution of fiber tension in the spinning triangle and the properties of spun yarns. In earlier theoretical models, the spinning tension of the yarn acting on the convergence point is assumed to be perpendicular to the nip line of front rollers. This assumption is reasonable in the study of the conventional ring spinning triangle, but may not be appropriate for modified ring spinning systems in which the yarn spinning tension has an obvious angle with the vertical axis perpendicular to the nip line. Thus in this paper a new theoretical model is proposed by considering the inclination angle of the spinning tension. Based on the principle of minimum potential energy, the theoretical model quantitatively describes the fiber tension distribution and its relationships with the spinning parameters, shape of the spinning triangle and the inclination angle of yarn spinning tension. As an application of the proposed method, spinning triangles of a modified ring spinning system were investigated under various spinning parameters. The fiber tension distributions in the spinning triangle both with and without fiber buckling were numerically simulated and the results were compared with those from our earlier model. In addition, the properties of spun yarns produced by the modified system were evaluated and analyzed.

The Influence of Constructional Properties of Knitted Fabrics on Cationic Softener Pick Up and Deposition Uniformity

In this study we tried to find the influence of fiber type, fiber fineness and knit construction on the amount of softener pick up by the fabric. Decision trees are developed to explain the cationic softener pick up depending upon the factors mentioned above. The influence of the type of load (mixed fiber load and individual fiber load) on the amount of softener deposited on the fabric was also studied. We have also quantified the non-uniformity of softener deposition. We used an image-processing tool to define non-uniformity of the softener deposition. It evaluates the spatial uniformity of softener deposition by evaluating the difference between observed patchy distribution and a random process which would lead to a uniform distribution.